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The information in this specification is applicable to the following Microsoft products or supplemental software.
References to product versions include updates to those products. The terms "earlier" and "later", when used with a product version, refer to either all preceding versions or all subsequent versions, respectively. The term "through" refers to the inclusive range of versions. Applicable Microsoft products are listed chronologically in this section.
The following tables show the relationships between Microsoft product versions or supplemental software and the roles they perform.
Exceptions, if any, are noted in this section. If an update version, service pack or Knowledge Base KB number appears with a product name, the behavior changed in that update. The new behavior also applies to subsequent updates unless otherwise specified. If a product edition appears with the product version, behavior is different in that product edition.
Unless otherwise specified, the term "MAY" implies that the product does not follow the prescription. Additionally, a server running Windows Server returns a response that contains a Root Dispersion value equal to the value sent by the client when the server is unsynchronized.
It exists in the same location with the same value. We also recommend checking this TechNet article, which gives a very good insight of the Windows Time Service:. This is because the Forest root domain PDC emulator is the one and only one-time source for all the Domain Controllers, member servers and windows based workstations for the entire forest.
It is possible to override this configuration and bypass PDC emulator, but the default and recommend configuration is that all domain members should sync time with forest PDC emulator, directly or indirectly. Since PDC Emulator of the forest root domain is the main time source of the entire forest, it is important that the system clock of this computer is accurate.
To maintain the accuracy, the forest root domain PDC emulator must be configured to synchronize its time with an external time source which is reliable. Therefore, the stratum level of any computer is an indicator of how closely that computer is synchronized with the most accurate time source. So when you configure a new PDC emulator or move existing PDC emulator role to a different domain controller, please follow below steps for external time source configuration.
External Time Sources: 1 time. Put the value in seconds. For example, if you want to set the poll interval to 1 hour, put here. Run the following commands in sequential order :.
Check the time configuration by running the command. Check the time synchronization report by running the command. Click here to get the Powershell script, which will automate the Time Skew report for your domain, and will send the result in an email. O: Actual offset between the local time and the server time. Root dispersion is the maximum clock time difference that was ever observed between the local clock and the root clock. As you can see, this value has been reduced to milliseconds after synchronization.
It is important to note that W32Time will only actively synchronize with one time source at a time, even though you are able to list more than one time source. The reason for this is simple: If your favorite time source goes down, it would be good to have a backup, or possibly a list of backups.
W32Time configures the list of time sources through the following key:. Each server in the list can optionally have a set of flags, which are denoted as a hex value at the end of the address, separated by a comma. Normally, W32Time will poll make a time request on a floating interval, based on the quality of the time samples being returned by the time source. You can, however, specify a static interval that the time service will synchronize on.
This value is in seconds. The second flag is the UseAsFallbackOnly option. Root in this case refers to the root of the time distribution spanning tree.
The root is a stratum 1 NTP server. If you are particularly fond of tree analogies, you can think of higher stratum NTP servers as branches, and clients as the leaves. The root delay is the round-trip packet delay from a client to a stratum 1 server. This is important because it gives a crude estimate of the worst-case time transfer error between a client, or higher stratum server acting as a client, and a stratum 1 server. In fact, it is the worst-case contribution to the time transfer error due to network asymmetry , if all of the round-trip delay was in one direction and none in the other direction.
Okay some of the network delay has to be in each direction, but this is an upper bound. So, it is important.
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