The attack recalls a method the NSA has been secretly using for at least six years to siphon data in a similar manner. An NSA catalogue of spy tools leaked online last year describes systems that use radio frequency signals to remotely siphon data from air-gapped machines using transceiversa combination receiver and transmitterattached to or embedded in the computer instead of a mobile phone.
The spy agency has reportedly used the method in China, Russia and even Iran. But the exact technique for doing this has never been revealed. The researchers in Israel make no claims that theirs is the method used by the NSA, but Dudu Mimran, chief technology officer at the Israeli lab behind the research, acknowledges that if student researchers have discovered a method for using radio signals to extract data from hard-to-reach systems, professionals with more experience and resources likely have discovered it, too.
Dubbed "AirHopper" by the researchers at Cyber Security Labs at Ben Gurion University , the proof-of-concept technique allows hackers and spies to surreptitiously siphon passwords and other data from an infected computer using radio signals generated and transmitted by the computer and received by a mobile phone.
The attack borrows in part from previous research showing how radio signals. The researchers in Israel have developed malware that exploits this vulnerability by generating radio signals that can transmit modulated data that is then received and decoded by the FM radio receiver built into mobile phones. FM receivers come installed in many mobile phones as an emergency backup, in part, for receiving radio transmissions when the internet and cell networks are down.
Using this function, however, attackers can turn a ubiquitous and seemingly innocuous device into an ingenious spy tool. Though a company or agency may think it has protected its air-gapped network by detaching it from the outside world, the mobile phones on employee desktops and in their pockets still provide attackers with a vector to reach classified and other sensitive data.
The researchers tested two methods for transmitting digital data over audio signals but Audio Frequency-Shift Keying A-FSK turned out to be the most effective. This method is very effective for transmitting short textual massages such as identifiers, key-stroking, keep-alive messages and notifications. The data can be picked up by a mobile phone up to 23 feet away and then transmitted over Wi-Fi or a cellular network to an attacker's command-and-control server.
The victim's own mobile phone can be used to receive and transmit the stolen data, or an attacker lurking outside an office or lab can use his own phone to pick up the transmission. This content can also be viewed on the site it originates from.
The researchers note that the chain of attack "is rather complicated," but it's not beyond the skills and abilities already seen in advanced attacks conducted by hackers in China and elsewhere. Or by the NSA. Generally the most common method for infecting air-gapped machines is a USB flash drive or other removable media. Source code and hardware design files are available in the latest release or in the git repository.
For assistance with HackRF general use or development, please look at the issues on the GitHub project. This is the preferred place to ask questions so that others may locate the answer to your question in the future. We invite you to join our community discussions on Discord. The soldiers of the division returned their fire, and became the first to engage the enemy in World War II. To counteract the threat of invasion, the divion moved to the beaches to take up positions in defense of Honolulu and the Eva Plains.
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Advance elements landed near the Temira River on December 17, and entered combat on January 10, The division participated in the seisure of Kokamhoma and the reduction of the Mount Austin Pocket, some of the bitterest fighting in the Pacific. Arandel Island was cleared on September 24, and on October 6, Kolombangara, with the vital Vila Airport fell to the division. Training in New Zealand and the move to New Caledonia prepared the division for the next operation - the invasion of the Philippines.
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